Seventh Amendment: Civil Trial By Jury

The Seventh Amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil trials. Unlike most of the Bill of Rights, the Supreme Court has not incorporated the amendment's requirements to the states under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Even where a statement of fact is in dispute and tried before a jury, the judge has a role in deciding the verdict. The Supreme Court has held that judges may opine on the facts in dispute, provided that the jury actually determines the dispute; may direct the jury to pay special attention to certain evidence; and may require the jury to answer specific questions about the case in addition to giving a verdict. If the judge considers the plaintiff's evidence insufficient, the judge may direct the jury to find in the defendant's favor.

Per text in the Constitution: "In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law."

For more on the seventh amendment, Wikipedia is a great source.

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